What is Defaqane/Mfecane?, What were the political, social and economic causes of Mfecane or Defaqane?
By Mlungisi Zwelihle Gumede
what is Defaqane/ Mfecane? Mfecane was the violent upheaval amongst the Bantu speaking people of 19th century to South Central and East Africa. The word Difaqane means force scattering, dispersal and or forced migration of people. Lifaqane was the period of wide spread, chaos and warfare among indigenous people in southern Africa during 1815 and 1840s. The word Means is derived from the Xhosa term "ukufaqa" to become thin as the results of hu get and in isizulu means scattering and crashing. Mfecane was the forced migration that indicated the dramatic development period in South African History which began after 1815 and lasted until 1830s. In this case there fore one can trace the causes of Mfecane from the definition of the term Mfecane. What were the causes of Mfecane? Mfecane was partly caused by the changes in the Nguni group that resulted in the development of Zulu nation. Stronger groups near them. Began to absorb or dominate weaker groups near them. During this period of time larger tribes meant larger conflict. the Ndwandwe led by Sobhuza and the Otherled by Dingiswayo changed military, political, and social system of South Africa completely. These changes led to the rise of power of Shaka Zulu and his dream of Zulu kingDom and his military drive through Southern Africa. Population growth and severe drought in the late 19 centuries caused societies to settle closer to each other. When maize arrived from America through Portuguese traders in Mozambique, people realised this plant was more nutritious than local plants and could feed larger group of people which also caused people to move closer to each other. Ivory trade became another factor that led to Mfecane. Ivory trade with the Portuguese in Delagoa bay motivated people to move to the South of Mozambique where leaders could control this Industry. Land scarcity for farming in Kalahari desert, water unavailability also caused people to migrate or to trek. The Mfecane was caused by numerous interrelated factors including environment and social changes as well as severe conflict. It is difficult to say exactly what cause this event because this history went unrecorded.
what is Defaqane/ Mfecane? Mfecane was the violent upheaval amongst the Bantu speaking people of 19th century to South Central and East Africa. The word Difaqane means force scattering, dispersal and or forced migration of people. Lifaqane was the period of wide spread, chaos and warfare among indigenous people in southern Africa during 1815 and 1840s. The word Means is derived from the Xhosa term "ukufaqa" to become thin as the results of hu get and in isizulu means scattering and crashing. Mfecane was the forced migration that indicated the dramatic development period in South African History which began after 1815 and lasted until 1830s. In this case there fore one can trace the causes of Mfecane from the definition of the term Mfecane. What were the causes of Mfecane? Mfecane was partly caused by the changes in the Nguni group that resulted in the development of Zulu nation. Stronger groups near them. Began to absorb or dominate weaker groups near them. During this period of time larger tribes meant larger conflict. the Ndwandwe led by Sobhuza and the Otherled by Dingiswayo changed military, political, and social system of South Africa completely. These changes led to the rise of power of Shaka Zulu and his dream of Zulu kingDom and his military drive through Southern Africa. Population growth and severe drought in the late 19 centuries caused societies to settle closer to each other. When maize arrived from America through Portuguese traders in Mozambique, people realised this plant was more nutritious than local plants and could feed larger group of people which also caused people to move closer to each other. Ivory trade became another factor that led to Mfecane. Ivory trade with the Portuguese in Delagoa bay motivated people to move to the South of Mozambique where leaders could control this Industry. Land scarcity for farming in Kalahari desert, water unavailability also caused people to migrate or to trek. The Mfecane was caused by numerous interrelated factors including environment and social changes as well as severe conflict. It is difficult to say exactly what cause this event because this history went unrecorded.
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